La Gazette
La Gazette quickly became the center of France for the dissemination of news, and thus an excellent means for controlling the flow of information in a highly centralized state.
Started
Gazette (afterwards called the Gazette de France), started in 1615 under the patronage and with the active co-operation of Cardinal Richelieu. The first editor and printer was Théophraste Renaudot.
Gazette (afterwards called the Gazette de France), started in 1615 under the patronage and with the active co-operation of Cardinal Richelieu. The first editor and printer was Théophraste Renaudot.
First Edition
The first weekly edition appeared in 30 May 1631. Each edition of the paper, which cost six centimes, consisted of a single sheet (folded into eight pages), and was divided into two parts.
The first weekly edition appeared in 30 May 1631. Each edition of the paper, which cost six centimes, consisted of a single sheet (folded into eight pages), and was divided into two parts.
Content
The first page was entitled Gazette, the second Nouvelles ordinaires de divers endroits. It commonly began with foreign and with national news. Much of its earliest foreign news came directly from the Cardinal, and often in his own handwriting.
The first page was entitled Gazette, the second Nouvelles ordinaires de divers endroits. It commonly began with foreign and with national news. Much of its earliest foreign news came directly from the Cardinal, and often in his own handwriting.
In General
Renaudot published the first issue of his Gazette Weekly May 30, 1631. With the support of Richelieu and Father Joseph, he obtained, October 11, 1631, a privilege of exploitation in France of this type of writing, which allowed him to absorb the Ordinary News in his Gazette , of which they formed during several years a kind of complement. The tone of its articles remained both very prudent and impartial.
Renaudot published the first issue of his Gazette Weekly May 30, 1631. With the support of Richelieu and Father Joseph, he obtained, October 11, 1631, a privilege of exploitation in France of this type of writing, which allowed him to absorb the Ordinary News in his Gazette , of which they formed during several years a kind of complement. The tone of its articles remained both very prudent and impartial.
In Detail
Small in size (23 × 15 cm), four, then eight and sometimes twelve pages, The Gazette was just a collection of news and official documents, without comment. News from abroad always occupied at least two-thirds of the printed text. It was an official page: it served Richelieu with an instrument of propaganda and organ for the expression of his foreign and domestic policy. Renaudot also published, on occasion, "extraordinary" supplements. As early as June 1632 he published a leaflet, the " Feuille du bureau d'adresses" , and, from 1639 onwards, published the publication " Mercure de France ," an annual collection summarizing the events of the past year, dating back to 1611.
Small in size (23 × 15 cm), four, then eight and sometimes twelve pages, The Gazette was just a collection of news and official documents, without comment. News from abroad always occupied at least two-thirds of the printed text. It was an official page: it served Richelieu with an instrument of propaganda and organ for the expression of his foreign and domestic policy. Renaudot also published, on occasion, "extraordinary" supplements. As early as June 1632 he published a leaflet, the " Feuille du bureau d'adresses" , and, from 1639 onwards, published the publication " Mercure de France ," an annual collection summarizing the events of the past year, dating back to 1611.
Novelty
The novelty of La Gazette was a lasting success; it seems to have produced as many as eight hundred copies in the 1640s. Every year, Renaudot published his Gazettes of the Year in a book and, in the prefaces to these volumes, he remarkably explained the goals and the difficulties of journalism.
The novelty of La Gazette was a lasting success; it seems to have produced as many as eight hundred copies in the 1640s. Every year, Renaudot published his Gazettes of the Year in a book and, in the prefaces to these volumes, he remarkably explained the goals and the difficulties of journalism.
Objective
La Gazette had for objective to inform its readers on events from the noble court and abroad. It was mostly focused on political and diplomatic affairs.
La Gazette had for objective to inform its readers on events from the noble court and abroad. It was mostly focused on political and diplomatic affairs.
New Name
In 1762, its name became Gazette de France, with the sub title Organe officiel du Government royal (Official organ of the royal Government). The magazine was always one of the most expensive in Paris.
In 1762, its name became Gazette de France, with the sub title Organe officiel du Government royal (Official organ of the royal Government). The magazine was always one of the most expensive in Paris.
Rental
In 1787, Charles-Joseph Panckouke already proprietary of the Mercure de France and the Moniteur universel—which he had just founded—rented the magazine.
In 1787, Charles-Joseph Panckouke already proprietary of the Mercure de France and the Moniteur universel—which he had just founded—rented the magazine.
Revolution
La Gazette remained silent about the birth of the revolution, and didn't even mention the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, limiting itself to government acts. For the satisfaction of his customers, Charles-Joseph Panckouke published a supplement, Le Gazettin (little Gazette), that gave its readers summaries of debates at the National Constituent Assembly.
La Gazette remained silent about the birth of the revolution, and didn't even mention the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, limiting itself to government acts. For the satisfaction of his customers, Charles-Joseph Panckouke published a supplement, Le Gazettin (little Gazette), that gave its readers summaries of debates at the National Constituent Assembly.
Took Back
In 1791, the ministry of foreign affairs, who owned La Gazette, took it back. Nicolas Fallet was named director and it became a tribune for the Girondists. He was succeeded by Sébastien Roch Nicolas Chamfort. La Gazette became a daily magazine in 1792, 1 May.
In 1791, the ministry of foreign affairs, who owned La Gazette, took it back. Nicolas Fallet was named director and it became a tribune for the Girondists. He was succeeded by Sébastien Roch Nicolas Chamfort. La Gazette became a daily magazine in 1792, 1 May.
Renamed
Following the execution of Louis XVI in 1793, 21 January, it was renamed Gazette nationale de France (National Gazette of France) .
Following the execution of Louis XVI in 1793, 21 January, it was renamed Gazette nationale de France (National Gazette of France) .
Perished
It progressively became the mouthpiece of one royalist faction, the Legitimists. With the rise of modern news media and specialized and localized newspapers throughout the country in the early 20th century, La Gazette was finally discontinued in September 30, 1915.
It progressively became the mouthpiece of one royalist faction, the Legitimists. With the rise of modern news media and specialized and localized newspapers throughout the country in the early 20th century, La Gazette was finally discontinued in September 30, 1915.
Did you know: La Gazette is the eighth-oldest newspaper in World (first published in 1631) and The first French newspaper.
Further Reading
Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, Alfred Fierro, Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française 1789-1799, Éditions Robert Laffont, collection Bouquins, Paris, 1987. ISBN 2-7028-2076-X
Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, Alfred Fierro, Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française 1789-1799, Éditions Robert Laffont, collection Bouquins, Paris, 1987. ISBN 2-7028-2076-X
References
Wikipedia, Britannica, Universalis, Dictionnaire Journaux, Unicaen
Very nice and all the best to you.
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